| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessels Heads are the integral components of pressure vessels, designed to cap off the ends of the cylindrical shell or section. They are known by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closure, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, with 'Dish ends' being the most prevalent term.
In the realm of Pressure Vessels fabrication, four primary types of pressure vessel heads or Dish ends are predominantly utilized.
These are the most basic form of pressure vessel heads, but their utility is limited in comparison. Due to their reduced radial section available for pressure distribution, Flat Heads possess a lower capacity to withstand pressure, making them less economical as maximum stress concentrates on the flat section.
In Flat Heads, commonly referenced terms include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general representation of Flat Heads is depicted in the accompanying diagram.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most frequently employed type of Pressure Vessel Heads due to their superior radial section, which optimizes pressure distribution. These heads can handle higher pressure than other types and are favored for their economic advantage, as their dish end thickness is nearly equivalent to the shell thickness under similar design conditions. The widely accepted configuration for Ellipsoidal Heads is the 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section.
For the 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads, key terms include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A representative drawing of these heads is available in the diagram. Although forming these heads requires more time compared to Flat and Torispherical Heads, they are the most cost-effective choice for pressure vessels.
Torispherical Heads are also extensively used due to their sufficient radial section for pressure allocation, albeit slightly less than Ellipsoidal Heads. They are less economical than Ellipsoidal Heads but are popular because they require less time to form.
For identical design conditions, the thickness of Torispherical Heads is about 1.77 times that of the shell for the same design pressure and temperature.
In Torispherical Heads, common terminology includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A diagram illustrating these heads is provided. These heads are preferred for their simpler formation compared to Ellipsoidal Heads and are also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Their formation time is shorter than Ellipsoidal Heads, making them a preferred choice due to ease of fabrication.
Hemispherical Heads are another key element in pressure vessel fabrication. They offer the largest radial section among head types, granting the maximum area for pressure distribution. Accordingly, for the same design conditions, the thickness of Hemi Heads is roughly half that of the shell for identical pressure and temperature.
Despite being the most cost-effective head type, Hemispherical Heads require the longest forming time.
Among the essential terminology for Hemi Heads, you'll frequently encounter: Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately linked to design conditions, influencing their suitability for use as Pressure Vessel Heads.
These are the quintessential four types of Dish Ends employed in the fabrication of Pressure Vessels. The terminology surrounding Dish Ends is derived through established relationships with the inside diameter. From a fabrication standpoint, it's imperative to compute various parameters, including Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all of which are crucial in the production of Dish Ends.
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