| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessel Heads are crucial components that seal the ends of the cylindrical sections or shells of pressure vessels, commonly known as Dish Ends. These heads are also referred to by several names such as Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, with 'Dish Ends' being the most frequently used term.
There are four primary types of pressure vessel heads, with Dish Ends being extensively utilized in the construction of Pressure Vessels.
Flat Heads represent the simplest design among pressure vessel heads. However, their effectiveness is limited in pressure applications due to a lower capacity for pressure distribution, resulting from a smaller radial section. This causes maximum stress on the flat area, making it less economical and thus less favorable compared to other head types.
Key terms in Flat Heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing representation of Flat Heads is depicted above.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most commonly used Pressure Vessel Heads, noted for their broad radial section allowing superior pressure distribution. They are preferred for their ability to withstand higher pressures, with the thickness of the dish end being roughly equal to the shell thickness under similar design conditions, offering economic benefits. The standard configuration is the 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section.
Key terms for 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing representation of these heads is presented above. Although forming Ellipsoidal Heads takes longer than Flat or Torispherical Heads, they remain the most economical choice for pressure vessels.
These heads are also widely favored for their substantial radial section, offering effective pressure distribution. Despite a lower pressure endurance compared to Ellipsoidal Heads, they require less forming time, making them less economical but still popular due to their efficiency in processing.
For identical design conditions, Torispherical Heads require a thickness approximately 1.77 times that of the shell to maintain the same pressure and temperature resilience.
Key terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing representation of these heads is shown above.
Torispherical Heads are preferred for their simplicity and the reduced forming time compared to Ellipsoidal Heads. They are also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads or Dish Ends are employed in pressure vessel fabrication due to their extensive radial section, allowing for maximum pressure distribution. With the same design conditions, the thickness of Hemispherical Heads is approximately half of that of the shell, under identical pressure and temperature conditions.
These heads are more economical than other types, although they necessitate the most forming time.
In the realm of Hemi Heads, commonly used terms include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is determined by the design conditions and their suitability for pressure vessel heads.
These are the four fundamental types of dish ends utilized in the fabrication of pressure vessels. Most terms related to dish ends are derived using standard relationships based on their inside diameter. From a fabrication perspective, various calculations are necessary. These calculations encompass Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume—all crucial in the creation of Dish Ends.
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