| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessels Heads are essential components of pressure vessels, serving as closures for the ends of cylindrical sections or shells. Known by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closure, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, the most common term is 'Dish Ends'.
Four primary types of pressure vessel heads, or Dish Ends, dominate the fabrication industry, each with unique applications in pressure vessels.
Flat Heads are the most straightforward form of pressure vessel heads. However, their utility is limited due to a lower capacity for withstanding pressure, as less radial section is available for distribution. This results in greater exposure to stress at the flat section, making them less economical.
Key terms associated with Flat Heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). Their general representation is depicted in the above drawing.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most popular type of pressure vessel heads, offering a wider radial section for pressure distribution and maximum pressure resistance compared to other types. For equivalent design conditions, the thickness of ellipsoidal dish ends is similar to the shell thickness, making them highly economical. Typically, a 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section is used.
In 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads, terms like Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF) are common. While forming these heads takes more time than Flat and Torispherical Heads, they remain the most economical choice.
Widely used like Ellipsoidal Heads, Torispherical Heads also offer significant radial pressure distribution, though less than ellipsoidal heads. While less economical, they are favored for their quicker forming process.
For equivalent design conditions, Torispherical Head thickness is approximately 1.77 times that of the shell thickness under identical pressure and temperature.
Common terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). Their general representation is shown in the above drawing.
Torispherical Heads require less forming time than ellipsoidal heads, making them a preferable option due to their simplicity. These are also referred to as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads, or dish ends, are utilized in pressure vessel fabrication, offering the maximum radial section for pressure distribution. Thus, for the same design conditions, their thickness is about half that of the shell thickness, providing an economical solution despite their longer forming time.
Hemispherical Heads are more economical than other types, but they necessitate the longest forming time.
When discussing Hemi Heads, the most commonly used terms are Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is heavily influenced by design conditions as well as their suitability for Pressure Vessel Heads. With precision engineering and careful consideration, these elements ensure optimal performance.
In the realm of Pressure Vessels Fabrication, there exist four fundamental types of Dish Ends. Calculations for most Dish End terms rely on standardized relationships with the inside diameter, critical for accuracy. From a fabrication perspective, it is essential to compute various parameters such as Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume. These calculations are instrumental in the meticulous creation of Dish Ends.
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