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| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessel Heads: These are pivotal components that seal the ends of a pressure vessel's cylindrical section, also known as its shell. With a variety of names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, they are most frequently referred to as 'Dish ends.'
Pressure vessel fabrication frequently involves four fundamental types of heads or dish ends, each offering distinct advantages.
Flat Heads: The most straightforward form of pressure vessel heads, flat heads, while simple, are less frequently used due to limited pressure endurance. Their lower radial section means more stress on the flat portion, rendering them less economical compared to other types.
In flat heads, terms such as Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF) are commonly referenced. A general representation of flat heads is depicted in the drawing above.
Ellipsoidal Heads reign as the preferred choice in pressure vessel heads, with a broad radial section for excellent pressure distribution. Their design allows them to handle maximum pressure efficiently, making them economically superior. Typically, ellipsoidal heads are crafted in a 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section, matching the shell thickness for optimal economy.
2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads terms include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The drawing above illustrates the configuration. Despite requiring more forming time, they are the most economical in pressure vessel heads.
Widely utilized, Torispherical Heads provide ample radial section for pressure distribution. Though less economical than ellipsoidal heads, their lower forming time offers practicality, making them a popular choice.
For the same design conditions, the thickness of Torispherical Heads is approximately 1.77 times the shell thickness, maintaining the design pressure and temperature.
Key terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A drawing above provides a visual representation.
Thanks to simpler formation processes, Torispherical Heads or 'Flange and Dished Heads' are often preferred over ellipsoidal heads.
Hemispherical Heads stand out in pressure vessel fabrication, offering the maximum radial section for pressure distribution. Under identical design conditions, the thickness of Hemi Heads is roughly half that of the shell, optimizing pressure and temperature management.
Despite requiring the most forming time, Hemispherical Heads are the most economically advantageous among all head types.
Commonly used terms in Hemi Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The choice of dish ends depends on design conditions and the specific applicability of pressure vessel heads. Your decision will ensure optimal performance and safety in your applications.
These are the four basic types of dish ends utilized in pressure vessel fabrication. Most of the dish end terms are calculated using standard relationships with their inside diameter. From a fabrication perspective, it is essential to calculate various terms. These terms include dish end specifications, blank diameter, weight, surface area, and volume calculations, all of which are required in the precise fabrication of dish ends.
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