| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessels Heads are integral components of a pressure vessel, acting as closures for the ends of the cylindrical section or the vessel shell. They are commonly referred to by various names, such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, or Vessel Caps. Despite the variety of terms, 'Dish Ends' remains the most frequently used nomenclature.
Among the extensively utilized dish ends in pressure vessel fabrication, there are four fundamental types, each offering unique advantages in their application.
Flat Heads represent the simplest form among pressure vessel heads. However, their limited utility arises from a lower pressure endurance due to reduced radial section availability for even pressure distribution. As the flat section bears the maximum pressure, Flat Heads are not the most economical choice.
Key terms associated with Flat Heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing illustrating Flat Heads is shown above.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most popular choice for pressure vessel heads, thanks to their extensive radial section, which facilitates superior pressure distribution. Compared to other heads, they withstand higher pressure levels, making them the preferred choice for optimal economy. For identical design conditions, the dish end thickness of Ellipsoidal Heads closely matches shell thickness, enhancing their cost-effectiveness. The standard Ellipsoidal Head configuration typically adheres to a 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section.
Commonly referenced dimensions in a 2:1 Ellipsoidal Head include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The above drawing represents a general view of Ellipsoidal Heads. Though forming these heads takes longer than Flat and Torispherical Heads, they remain the most economical choice for pressure vessels.
Torispherical Heads are another popular variant, offering a broad radial section for effective pressure distribution. Although they endure slightly less pressure than Ellipsoidal Heads, their reduced forming time makes them a prevalent choice, despite being less economical.
Under identical design conditions, Torispherical Head thickness is approximately 1.77 times the shell thickness for equivalent design pressure and temperature.
Key dimensions associated with Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The drawing above provides a general depiction of Torispherical Heads.
Torispherical Heads demand less forming time compared to Ellipsoidal Heads, contributing to their preference for their structural simplicity. These heads are also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
In the realm of pressure vessels fabrication, Hemispherical Heads stand out with the most extensive radial section, offering the largest area for pressure distribution compared to other head types. This unique feature allows the head thickness to be approximately half that of the shell for the same design pressure and temperature, making them exceptionally economical.
Despite their economical advantage, Hemispherical Heads require the longest forming time among the head types.
In the realm of Hemi Heads, several key terms are crucial to understanding and application: Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Total Height of the Dish End (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately linked to the specific design conditions and their suitability for pressure vessel heads.
There are four fundamental types of Dish Ends utilized in the fabrication of pressure vessels. The terminology for most Dish Ends is derived from standard relationships that involve their inside diameter. From a fabrication perspective, it is essential to compute various parameters. These include Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all of which are indispensable for the fabrication of Dish Ends.
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