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| Color: | Customized |
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A pressure vessel head is a crucial component that seals the ends of the cylindrical shell of a pressure vessel. These heads are often referred to by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, with 'Dish Ends' being the most prevalent term. As an integral part of pressure containment, these heads ensure safety and efficiency in a variety of applications.
There are four fundamental types of pressure vessel heads, or dish ends, extensively used in pressure vessel fabrication to cater to different engineering needs.
This type of head is the most basic form and is not widely used due to its limited pressure-bearing capacity. Its design, with a lower radial section, results in maximum stress on the flat surface, making it less cost-effective compared to other types.
Key terms related to Flat Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general schematic representation of flat heads is shown above, highlighting the simplicity of their design.
Ellipsoidal heads are among the most widely favored for pressure vessels, thanks to their extensive radial section which optimizes pressure distribution. These heads withstand greater pressure than others and are therefore highly preferred. The dish end thickness of ellipsoidal heads is typically comparable to the shell thickness, optimizing economic efficiency. The 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section is a commonly used configuration.
Key terminologies for 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R.), Knuckle Radius (K.R.), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). While the forming time for ellipsoidal heads is longer than that for flat or torispherical heads, their cost-effectiveness makes them a popular choice.
Torispherical heads are also widely used due to their favorable pressure distribution capabilities, though not as efficient as ellipsoidal heads. They require less forming time, which enhances their appeal despite being less economical. They are often chosen when time efficiency is prioritized.
For identical design conditions, the thickness of torispherical heads is approximately 1.77 times that of the shell to achieve the same design pressure and temperature.
Relevant terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R.), Knuckle Radius (K.R.), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A typical schematic is shown above for reference.
With less forming time required compared to ellipsoidal heads, torispherical heads are often preferred for their simplicity. Also known as Flange and Dished Heads, they offer an advantageous balance between performance and assembly efficiency.
This type of head provides the maximum radial section for pressure distribution among all head types, offering superior strength and a reduced thickness requirement, approximately half that of the shell in identical conditions. This ensures outstanding efficiency in pressure containment.
Although economically superior due to reduced material requirements, hemispherical heads demand the most time for formation, balancing cost with production speed.
In the realm of Hemi Heads, several key terms are essential: Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately linked to design conditions, significantly impacting the applicability within Pressure Vessel Heads. Understanding these parameters is crucial for optimal performance.
The world of pressure vessel fabrication revolves around four fundamental types of dish ends. These dish end terms are meticulously calculated using standard relationships defined by their inside diameter, ensuring precision in every aspect. From a fabrication standpoint, it is essential to compute various elements such as Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume. These calculations are vital for the efficient and accurate crafting of Dish Ends.
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