| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessel Heads, commonly dubbed Dish Ends, are pivotal components that seal the ends of the cylindrical pressure vessels. Known by various names such as Formed Heads, End Closure, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, the most prevalent term is Dish Ends.
There are four fundamental types of Pressure Vessel Heads, often referred to as Dish Ends, widely used in the fabrication of Pressure Vessels.
Flat Heads represent the simplest form of Pressure Vessel Heads but offer limited utility due to their lower pressure-bearing capacity. Their minimal radial section for pressure distribution makes them less economical and preferred compared to other head types.
In Flat Heads terminology, the frequently used terms include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing representation of Flat Heads can be seen above.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most widely utilized Pressure Vessel Heads, featuring a broader radial section for pressure distribution, allowing them to withstand higher pressures. They are the most preferred due to their economic nature; the dish end thickness is approximately equal to the shell thickness, especially in the widely used 2:1 Ellipsoidal configuration.
The common terms for 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). While requiring more forming time than Flat and Torispherical Heads, they remain the most economical.
Torispherical Heads, also widely used, offer significant radial sections for pressure distribution, standing strong under pressure but slightly less so than Ellipsoidal Heads. They are less economical than Ellipsoidal Heads but are preferred for their reduced forming time.
For identical design conditions, the thickness of Torispherical Heads is nearly 1.77 times that of the shell for the same design pressure and temperature.
Key terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing of Torispherical Heads can be seen above.
With less forming time required than for Ellipsoidal Heads, these Heads are favored for their simplicity, often called Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads, utilized in pressure vessel fabrication, offer the maximum radial section, translating to an extensive pressure distribution area. Consequently, for the same design conditions, Hemispherical Head thickness is approximately half that of the shell for the same pressure and temperature.
Despite their unrivaled economy due to minimal thickness, they require the longest forming time among the different types of Heads.
Within the realm of Hemi Heads, some commonly used terminology includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish end Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of these Dish Ends is contingent upon design conditions and their suitability for pressure vessels heads, ensuring optimal performance and safety.
There are four fundamental types of dish ends employed in the fabrication of pressure vessels. Most of the terminologies associated with dish ends are determined using standard relationships relative to their inside diameter. From a fabrication standpoint, there are various terms that need to be calculated. These terms encompass Dish End Terms, such as Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all of which are essential in the fabrication process of Dish Ends.
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