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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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The pressure vessel head is a crucial component that effectively seals the ends of a cylindrical pressure vessel's shell. It is commonly referred to by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps. However, the most recognized term is 'Dish Ends'.
There are four primary types of pressure vessel heads, known as Dish Ends, predominantly used in the fabrication of Pressure Vessels.
Flat Heads are the simplest form of pressure vessel heads but hold limited utility owing to their lower pressure withstanding capacity. Due to the minimal radial section available for pressure distribution, the flat section endures maximum exposure, making this design less economical compared to others.
The key terms associated with Flat Heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing representation of a Flat Head is depicted above.
Ellipsoidal Heads are extensively utilized pressure vessel heads. They feature an expansive radial section for even pressure distribution, allowing them to endure maximum pressure, thus making them the preferred choice. Under similar conditions, the dish end thickness of ellipsoidal heads is roughly equal to the shell's thickness, rendering it the most economical option. Typically, the 2:1 ellipsoidal section is the prevalent configuration for such heads.
Key terms for 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing of these heads is illustrated above. Despite requiring more forming time than Flat and Torispherical Heads, they stand as the most cost-effective pressure vessel heads.
These heads are also widely applied, offering substantial radial sections for pressure distribution. While they withstand less pressure than ellipsoidal heads, their simpler forming process makes them a popular choice, though they are somewhat less economical.
For identical design conditions, the thickness of Torispherical Heads is approximately 1.77 times that of the Shell Thickness at equivalent design pressure and temperature.
The terminology frequently used for Torispherical Heads includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF), as displayed in the accompanying illustration.
Due to their lesser forming time compared to ellipsoidal heads, Torispherical Heads are favored for their straightforward design. They are alternatively known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads are also employed in pressure vessel fabrication, offering the broadest radial section for pressure distribution. This design ensures a maximum pressure distribution area. Consequently, under the same design conditions, the thickness of Hemi Heads is approximately half that of the shell, given the same pressure and temperature parameters.
Despite being the most economical among head types, hemispherical heads demand the most extended forming period.
In the world of Hemi Heads, essential terminology includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately tied to the design conditions and their compatibility with Pressure Vessels Heads, ensuring optimal performance and safety.
In the realm of Pressure Vessels Fabrication, four fundamental types of dish ends are employed. These critical components are defined by their inside diameter, calculated using industry-standard relationships. From a fabrication standpoint, various calculations are imperative, encompassing Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume, all essential for the precise crafting of Dish Ends.
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