| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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The term 'Pressure Vessel Heads' refers to the crucial components that seal the ends of a pressure vessel's cylindrical shell. Often referred to by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closure, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, the most common term used is Dish ends.
Within the realm of pressure vessel fabrication, four fundamental types of pressure vessel heads, also known as Dish ends, are prevalently utilized for their diverse benefits.
Flat Heads represent the simplest form among pressure vessel heads, yet they are less favored because they offer minimal pressure resistance. This is due to their limited radial section, which affects pressure distribution, leading to high exposure on flat sections. Consequently, Flat Heads are not deemed economical.
Key terms associated with Flat Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A general drawing of Flat Heads is depicted in the accompanying illustration.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most commonly utilized pressure vessel heads due to their extensive radial section, which optimizes pressure distribution. They endure the highest pressure compared to other heads, making them the top choice. These heads are economical as their dish end thickness closely matches shell thickness under equivalent design conditions. The 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section is the most frequently used configuration.
For 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads, commonly referenced terms include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R.), Knuckle Radius (K.R.), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing is provided above. Despite requiring more forming time than Flat and Torispherical Heads, they are deemed the most economical among pressure vessel heads.
Torispherical Heads are another popular choice, offering ample radial sections for pressure distribution—though slightly less than Ellipsoidal Heads. They are less economical than Ellipsoidal Heads yet widely used thanks to their faster forming time.
For similar design conditions, Torispherical Heads typically have a thickness around 1.77 times the shell thickness, maintaining stability under equal design pressure and temperature.
Common terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R.), Knuckle Radius (K.R.), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF), as shown in the accompanying illustration.
Due to their simpler structure, Torispherical Heads require less forming time than Ellipsoidal Heads and are preferred for ease of fabrication. They are also recognized as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads, or Dish ends, are integral to pressure vessel construction, offering the maximum radial section among head types. This feature provides the largest pressure distribution area, meaning that, for equivalent design conditions, the thickness of Hemi Heads is approximately half that of the shell for the same pressure and temperature.
While they stand as the most economical type, Hemispherical Heads demand the longest forming time, balancing cost with fabrication duration.
When diving into the realm of Hemi Heads, you'll encounter commonly used terms such as Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately tied to design conditions and their suitability for pressure vessel applications.
Within the fabrication of pressure vessels, four fundamental types of dish ends are utilized. The terminology of dish ends is deduced using standard relationships with their inside diameter. From a fabrication standpoint, the calculation of various terms is crucial. These include Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all of which are pivotal in crafting dish ends.
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