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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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A pressure vessel head is a critical component that seals the ends of a cylindrical section or the shell of a pressure vessel. Known by various names, such as dish ends, formed heads, end closures, and vessel caps, the term 'dish ends' is the most commonly used. These heads are indispensable for maintaining the integrity and functionality of pressure vessels.
There are four foundational types of pressure vessel heads, more commonly known as dish ends, that are integral to the fabrication of pressure vessels.
Flat heads are the simplest form of pressure vessel heads, though they offer limited utility. Their design results in a reduced ability to withstand pressure, as the smaller radial section leads to increased stress on the flat part, making them less economical than other types.
Key terms related to flat heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing representation of flat heads visually illustrates these elements.
Ellipsoidal heads are among the most widely used pressure vessel heads due to their extensive radial section, which allows for superior pressure distribution. Preferred for their economic advantage, the dish end thickness of ellipsoidal heads typically matches the shell thickness under similar design conditions, making them highly economical. The 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section is a popular configuration.
Common terms for 2:1 ellipsoidal heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). Though forming ellipsoidal heads requires more time than flat or torispherical heads, they offer the most cost-effective solution for pressure vessels.
Widely used for their ample radial section, torispherical heads offer excellent pressure distribution, though slightly less than ellipsoidal heads. Despite being less economical, they are favored for their reduced forming time.
For similar design conditions, the thickness of torispherical heads is approximately 1.77 times the thickness of the shell for equivalent pressure and temperature.
Key terms associated with torispherical heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). These heads are also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Requiring less forming time than ellipsoidal heads, torispherical heads are preferred for their simplicity and are commonly referred to as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical heads boast the maximum radial section available among pressure vessel heads, offering a superior pressure distribution area. As such, the thickness of hemi heads is often about half that of the shell under the same design conditions for pressure and temperature.
Although the most economical option, hemispherical heads require the most extended forming time compared to other types of heads.
In the realm of Hemi Heads, essential terminology includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish end Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is fundamentally influenced by the design conditions and their suitability for pressure vessel heads. Each term plays a critical role, making the understanding of these dimensions key for optimal design and application.
The four fundamental types of dish ends used in pressure vessel fabrication are pivotal to the industry. Much of the terminology is derived from standardized relationships with the inside diameter. From a fabrication standpoint, the calculation of various terms is crucial. These terms encompass Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all of which are essential in the meticulous fabrication process of Dish Ends.
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