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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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The heart of any pressure vessel is its head. Known by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closure, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, they are indispensable components that seal the ends of the vessel's cylindrical section or shell. Among these, 'Dish Ends' is the most prevalent term.
In the diverse world of pressure vessel fabrication, four primary types of vessel heads, widely known as Dish ends, dominate the landscape due to their functionality and design advantages.
The Flat Head, while simple, is often overlooked due to its limited ability to withstand pressure. Its lower radial section means less effective pressure distribution, with the flat section taking the brunt, making it a less economical choice compared to other head types.
Key terms associated with Flat Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A visual representation of a Flat Head's general drawing can be found in the above illustration.
A favorite among pressure vessel heads, the Ellipsoidal Head offers a broad radial section for superior pressure distribution. Known for its economic design, the thickness of an Ellipsoidal Head is nearly equivalent to the shell’s thickness under the same conditions. The 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section configuration is particularly favored for its balance of strength and economy.
In 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads, terms like Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF) are commonly used. This type requires more forming time than Flat or Torispherical Heads, yet remains the most cost-effective in terms of material use.
A versatile and widely used option, Torispherical Heads provide ample radial section for pressure distribution, though less than Ellipsoidal Heads. Despite its slightly higher material requirements, the reduced forming time makes it a popular choice in many applications.
For identical design conditions, the thickness of Torispherical Heads is about 1.77 times the shell's thickness at equivalent pressures and temperatures.
Key terminology for Torispherical Heads includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). Illustration details are provided above.
With less forming time required compared to Ellipsoidal Heads, these are often preferred for their straightforward design and are also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads, renowned for their extensive radial section, offer the maximum pressure distribution area. Featuring a thickness about half that of the shell for the same pressure and temperature conditions, they are the epitome of economical design, albeit at the cost of requiring more forming time.
These heads stand as the most economical choice among the variety, despite the extensive time investment required for their formation.
In the realm of Hemi Heads, familiarity with key terminologies is essential. These include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately tied to design conditions and their suitability for use as Pressure Vessels Heads.
There are four foundational types of dish ends prominently utilized in the fabrication of pressure vessels. The majority of dish end metrics are determined through standardized relationships with their inside diameters. From a fabrication standpoint, it's crucial to compute various terms, including Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, which are pivotal in the accurate and efficient production of Dish Ends.
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