| Customization: | Available |
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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure vessels heads are crucial components that seal the ends of the cylindrical section or shell of a pressure vessel. Commonly referred to as Dish Ends, they are also known by various names such as Formed Heads, End Closure, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps. Among these, Dish Ends is the most frequently used term.
There are four fundamental types of pressure vessel heads or Dish Ends, prominently used in the construction of pressure vessels.
Characterized by simplicity, flat heads are the most basic form of pressure vessel heads. However, they are less favored due to their limited capacity to withstand pressure. The lower radial section availability leads to higher stress on the flat area, making them less economical and practical compared to other head types.
Key terms associated with flat heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing representation of flat heads is detailed above.
Widely favored in pressure vessels, ellipsoidal heads offer extensive radial sections for effective pressure distribution, allowing them to endure greater pressures. Their design efficiency means the thickness of ellipsoidal heads is typically about the same as the shell thickness, making them highly economical. The 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section is the most prevalent configuration used.
Key terminologies in 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing for 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads is shown above. Despite requiring more forming time than flat and torispherical heads, they are considered the most economical pressure vessel heads.
Another popular choice, torispherical heads provide significant radial sections for pressure distribution, enduring substantial pressure but slightly less than ellipsoidal heads. They are less economical but favored for their reduced forming time compared to ellipsoidal heads.
For comparable design conditions, the thickness of torispherical heads is approximately 1.77 times the shell thickness for the same design pressure and temperature.
Essential terms for torispherical heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general drawing of torispherical heads is shown above.
Due to their quicker forming process, torispherical heads are highly preferred for their simplicity, also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical heads or dish ends offer the largest radial section, maximizing the area available for pressure distribution. For equivalent design conditions, their thickness is approximately half that of the shell for the same pressure and temperature.
Despite being the most economical choice due to their pressure distribution efficiency, hemispherical heads require the longest forming time.
In the realm of Hemi Heads, the key terminologies include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately tied to Design Conditions and their suitability for Pressure Vessel Heads, ensuring optimal performance.
Pressure vessel fabrication utilizes four fundamental types of Dish ends. These encompass precise calculations based on standard relationships involving their inside diameter. From a fabrication perspective, it is imperative to compute various parameters. These encompass Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all essential for the meticulous crafting of Dish Ends.
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