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| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessels Heads are crucial components in pressure vessels, designed to seal the ends of the cylindrical shells. These heads are commonly referred to by various names such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps, with 'Dish ends' being the most prevalent term.
In the fabrication of pressure vessels, four primary types of pressure vessels heads, or dish ends, are extensively utilized.
Flat Heads represent the simplest form of pressure vessel heads but offer limited utility. Due to their lower radial section, they provide less pressure distribution capacity, often making them less economical and less preferred compared to other types of heads.
Common terms associated with Flat Heads include Flat Head Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). Refer to the above drawing for a general representation of Flat Heads.
Ellipsoidal Heads are the most commonly used due to their expansive radial section that allows for maximum pressure distribution. They are preferred for their ability to withstand higher pressures economically, with dish end thickness equaling shell thickness under similar conditions. Typically, a 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section is prevalent.
Terms often used with 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). See the drawing above for the general representation. While these heads require more formation time, they remain the most economical choice for pressure vessel heads.
Widely utilized, Torispherical Heads offer significant pressure distribution but slightly less than Ellipsoidal Heads. This makes them less economical, yet they are favored for their shorter formation time.
For identical design conditions, Torispherical Heads' thickness is usually about 1.77 times the shell thickness, ensuring safety under the same pressure and temperature.
Common terms for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The general representation can be found in the above drawing.
Due to their simplistic design, Torispherical Heads require less forming time than Ellipsoidal Heads, making them a preferred choice for many applications. Also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads provide the largest radial section among head types, ensuring optimal pressure distribution. This results in the head thickness being approximately half the shell thickness under the same pressure and temperature conditions.
Despite requiring the most formation time, Hemispherical Heads are the most economical choice due to their unparalleled distribution efficiency.
In the realm of Hemisphere Heads, you'll frequently encounter key terminologies such as Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of Dish Ends is intricately tied to Design Conditions and their suitability for Pressure Vessel Heads, ensuring optimal performance.
There are four fundamental types of Dish Ends employed in the fabrication of Pressure Vessels. The majority of these Dish End terms are derived using standard relationships with their inside diameter. From a fabrication perspective, it is crucial to compute various parameters. These encompass Dish End Terms, Blank Diameter, Weight, Surface Area, and Volume Calculations, all essential in the manufacturing of Dish Ends.
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