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| Color: | Customized |
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Pressure Vessel Heads are critical components that seal the ends of a pressure vessel's cylindrical shell, providing a closure. These essential parts of the vessel are referred to by various names, such as Dish Ends, Formed Heads, End Closures, End Caps, Vessel Ends, and Vessel Caps. However, the term Dish Ends is the most commonly used and recognized.
There are four fundamental types of pressure vessel heads, each serving as Dish Ends, which are predominantly utilized in the construction of Pressure Vessels.
Flat Heads are the simplest form of pressure vessel heads. However, their utility is limited compared to other types due to their reduced capacity for withstanding high pressure. The distribution of pressure is less efficient on flat sections, leading to concentrated stress and making them less economical for pressure vessels.
In Flat Head terminology, you will commonly encounter terms such as Inside Diameter (ID), Knuckle Radius (R), Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). A standard drawing representation of Flat Heads can be observed in the illustration above.
Ellipsoidal Heads are among the most popular pressure vessel heads due to their efficient pressure distribution across a broader radial section. They offer unparalleled pressure resilience, making them the preferred choice for many applications. Their design allows the dish end thickness to match closely with the shell thickness, optimizing economy. The most widely adopted configuration follows the 2:1 Ellipsoidal Section.
Key terms associated with 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). An illustration of their typical configuration is provided above. Despite requiring more forming time than Flat or Torispherical Heads, they remain the most cost-effective choice.
Torispherical Heads are another extensively utilized type, offering a substantial radial section for effective pressure distribution, though slightly less than Ellipsoidal Heads. While they are less economical than Ellipsoidal Heads, they require less forming time, which is advantageous in production scenarios.
For identical design conditions, the thickness of Torispherical Heads is approximately 1.77 times that of the shell for equivalent design pressure and temperature.
Common terminologies for Torispherical Heads include Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (C.R), Knuckle Radius (K.R), Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). Their general drawing representation is depicted above.
Due to their quicker forming time compared to Ellipsoidal Heads, Torispherical Heads are often preferred for their simplicity and efficiency, also known as Flange and Dished Heads.
Hemispherical Heads, or Dish Ends, are frequently employed in pressure vessel fabrication. They boast the most extensive radial section among all types, thus offering the maximum pressure distribution area. This characteristic allows for hemi-head thickness to be about half of the shell thickness, providing superior economy under the same design conditions.
Despite their economic advantages, Hemispherical Heads demand the most time to form compared to other head styles.
The terminology that frequently accompanies hemispherical heads includes Inside Diameter (ID), Crown Radius (R), Dish End Total Height (H), and Straight Face (SF). The selection of dish ends is intricately linked to the design conditions and the specific applications they serve within pressure vessels. Each of these terms plays a critical role in ensuring the optimal performance and applicability of the pressure vessel heads.
These are the four foundational types of dish ends employed in the fabrication of pressure vessels. The majority of dish end terminology is derived from standardized relationships with their inside diameter. From a fabrication perspective, numerous calculations are necessary. These encompass terms such as dish end metrics, blank diameter, weight, surface area, and volume. All these calculations are pivotal in the precise crafting of dish ends, ensuring they meet the stringent demands of their applications.
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